观察与基于观察的幼儿持续性评估之间的关系
Observation and Its Relationship to Observation-Based, Ongoing Child Assessment
观察儿童的主要目的之一，是评估并追踪他们在各个发展领域掌握技能和概念的进展。持续性评估也是《Head Start 项目绩效标准》（HSPPS）的要求（45 CFR §§1302.33(b) 和 1304.11(b)(2)(ii)）。为此，早期开端计划（EHS）和流动及季节性务工家庭开端计划（MSHS）可以选择具有良好效度和信度、以观察为基础的评估工具。这些工具应尽可能适合项目所服务的儿童，在发展、文化和语言方面具有适宜性，并根据需要适用于残障儿童（45 CFR §1302.33(c)(1)）。这些工具帮助教育工作人员参照典型的发展顺序，了解每个孩子当前的发展水平。评估工具应与项目的入学准备目标相衔接，并能敏感地反映婴幼儿的快速发展。同时，这些工具还应帮助工作人员：
One of the primary reasons for observing children is to measure and track children's progress in acquiring skills and concepts in all areas of development. Ongoing assessment is also an HSPPS requirement (45 CFR §§1302.33(b) and 1304.11(b)(2)(ii)). To do this, EHS and MSHS programs may select valid and reliable observation-based assessment tools that best match the children served in the program; are developmentally, culturally, and linguistically appropriate; and are appropriate for children with disabilities, as needed (45 CFR §1302.33(c)(1)). These tools help education staff identify each child's current level of development in relation to the typical sequences of development. Assessment tools should align with the program's school readiness goals and be sensitive to the rapid development of infants and toddlers. They should also enable staff to:
持续观察并记录每个孩子的学习与发展。
Observe and document each child's learning and development over time
使照护与课程适合每个孩子，包括互动、教学实践、学习体验、环境、一日生活环节和作息安排。
Individualize care and the curriculum, including interactions, teaching practices, learning experiences, environment, routines, and schedules
识别尚未取得进展、可能需要进一步评估的儿童。
Identify children who are not progressing and who may need further evaluation
与家庭沟通孩子在各个发展领域的成长情况。
Communicate with families about their child's growth in all areas of development
在幼儿持续性评估的循环中，观察是“收集”环节不可或缺的组成部分。有关持续性评估循环中各项活动的更多信息，请参阅《幼儿持续性评估：项目负责人指南》。
Within the ongoing child assessment cycle, observation is an essential element of the "collect" activity. For more information about the activities of the ongoing assessment cycle, see Ongoing Child Assessment: A Guide for Program Leaders.